Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) have emerged as a leading technology for wastewater treatment due to their superior removal efficiencies and compact footprint. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes are widely utilized in MBR systems owing to their possessing resistance to fouling, chemical stability, and mechanical strength. Assessing the performanc

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are gaining popularity in wastewater treatment due to their potential to produce high-quality effluent. A key Dérapage mabr factor influencing MBR output is the selection and optimization of the membrane module. The structure of the module, including the type of membrane material, pore size, and surface area, directly